SS-31 (Elamipretide)

What Is SS‑31 (Elamipretide)?

SS‑31, also known as Elamipretide, is a synthetic mitochondria‑targeted tetrapeptide (D‑Arg‑Dmt‑Lys‑Phe‑NH₂). It was designed to selectively bind cardiolipin, a phospholipid unique to the inner mitochondrial membrane, thereby stabilizing mitochondrial structure and function. By protecting cardiolipin from oxidative damage, SS‑31 enhances mitochondrial efficiency and reduces reactive oxygen species (ROS) production.

Mechanism of Action

SS‑31 penetrates mitochondrial membranes and binds to cardiolipin, preventing peroxidation and preserving electron transport chain integrity. This stabilizing effect improves ATP synthesis, reduces oxidative stress, and supports mitochondrial dynamics. By modulating mitochondrial bioenergetics, SS‑31 enhances cellular resilience under stress conditions such as ischemia, neurodegeneration, and metabolic dysfunction.

Research & Clinical Data

Preclinical studies demonstrate SS‑31’s efficacy in reducing ischemia‑reperfusion injury, protecting cardiac tissue, and improving skeletal muscle performance. Clinical trials have explored its potential in heart failure, mitochondrial myopathies, and age‑related macular degeneration (AMD). Results suggest improvements in exercise tolerance, cardiac function, and retinal health, though regulatory approval has not yet been granted. SS‑31 remains investigational, with ongoing trials assessing its role in broader mitochondrial and age‑related diseases.

Purity & Quality

Reference‑grade peptide material. Certificate of Analysis available per batch. Regulatory status: investigational, not FDA‑ or EMA‑approved.

Classification & Handling Class: Synthetic mitochondria‑targeted tetrapeptide | Target: Cardiolipin in mitochondrial membranes | Administration: Intravenous or subcutaneous (investigational) | Storage: 2–8°C refrigerated, protect from light | Regulatory: Investigational, pending approval